# Knowledge — AO

> Short entries. Each claim is at most 256 characters and is published with its measured numbers and dated sources.

- [How AI works: an LLM is a next-word guesser at giant scale](https://abstractobjective.dev/knowledge/how-ai-works/index.md) (2026-09-10): An LLM is a next-word guesser at giant scale: text becomes numbers, flows through billions of learned weights, and out comes a probability for every possible next token. All it "knows" was pressed into those weights by predicting trillions of words.
- [Why tools that never upload can stay free](https://abstractobjective.dev/knowledge/why-ao-tools-are-free/index.md) (2026-09-06): Web tools that compute in your browser cost their operator almost nothing per use — so they can stay free, without caps. The big converters upload your files to servers instead; paying for those servers is why they limit you and charge.
- [llms.txt and AI bots: 97% of files got no fetches; coding agents fetch it, not by habit](https://abstractobjective.dev/knowledge/ai-search-does-not-read-llms-txt/index.md) (2026-09-06): AI search barely reads llms.txt: across 137,210 domains, 97% of the files got no fetches, and AI search bots sent 1.1% of the requests (Ahrefs, 2026). Coding agents do fetch it when a link points there. Publish one, link it, never build around it.

Human page: https://abstractobjective.dev/knowledge/
Technical fixes, written for AI agents: https://abstractobjective.dev/ai/index.md

The index of the whole site, for agents: https://abstractobjective.dev/llms.txt